Ethical analysis of illegal downloading and the effects of it

Over the past decade, we have witnessed dramatic advances in the field of information technology. In the process, our lives have improved greatly. Indeed, technology and by extension, the internet, has had a profound effect on our lifestyles and lives. Not only has the internet affected the way we conduct business and interact, but also it has also affected the manner in which we share information.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical analysis of illegal downloading and the effects of it specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the rapid growth of online business, there has also been a resultant increase in the number of people and businesses that are connected to, have access to and share information. Although the internet has eased sharing of knowledge and information, as we advance in technology, it is important to consider issue of ethics in sharing information and knowledge. One area where there has been a r apid growth in sharing of information and technology is in the music industry where the issue of file sharing has become quite rampant. File sharing describes the activity of providing or distributing access to information stored, using digital means, like in multimedia form (for example, images, video, and audio), as well as computer programs. To start with, a summary of the article, â€Å"The high price for free music: how illegal downloads are silencing artist†, by Hayes (2012), is provided. The key points of the article will be summarized. Thereafter, the multinational as well as global aspects of the article shall be analyzed. Three critically important questions that I would like to address regarding this topic are also highlighted. Hayes (2012) argues that file sharing has seen a rapid increase in illegal music downloads. He further notes that nearly 80 % of the music downloads are illegal downloads. This is also negatively affecting the economy. By downloading music i llegally, you hurt musicians and generally, exploit the music industry. It becomes hard for musicians to finance and develop new projects. This effectively creates a hostile market for musicians. As Hayes (2012) has noted, many people who download music illegally do so because it is a convenient way for getting music with little regard for the ethics behind such a practice. The loyalties paid to musicians by record companies are also likely to decline due to declined music sales, buoyed by increased cases of music downloads. Lack of adequate policing of the music industry means illegal music downloads goes on unabated. Hayes (2012) further argues that as the prevalence of illegal downloading increases, this tends to reduce the pricing power of an artist, because there are cheaper options of getting their music. In the past few years, electronic piracy has turned into a problem of global status.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The emergence of Napster in the late 1990s ensured that file sharing became extremely popular (Liebowitz, 2000). Hohn, Muftic and Wolf (2006) argue that recording and software companies have witnessed reduced sales revenue owing to internet piracy. Peitz and Waelbroeck (2004) notes that internet piracy accounted for nearly 20% of music revenue losses. File sharing has largely come about due to technological innovation. By definition, ethics is a choice of what has been accepted as being wrong vs. what is accepted as being right. Having established that illegal downloading of music is akin to theft, as such, it would be better to examine some of the reasons that prompt individuals to download music. One of these reasons is that people are reluctant to pay a premium for music that they can otherwise downloading cheaply. The argument is that it is not justifiable to pay for something that you can get free. From an ethical perspective, downloading music illegally is wrong, because it is akin to reaping where one has not sown. The artist cannot get what he/she rightly deserves, because you have found a cheaper way to access their music. Downloading of music illegally contravenes Mill’s principle of utility which proposes that conducting oneself in an ethical manner does the greatest good to a large number of people (Panas Ninni, 2011). Multinationals in the music industry have also been affected a lot by illegal downloading of music. For example, some multinationals have had to alter their businesses due to theft and illegal downloading of music. This is because these practices affect the pricing power of companies. Consequently, they are forced to reduce compensation given to artists in order to generate profits. In light of the foregoing arguments, the following questions arise: Why are we so fascinated with illegal music download? How can multinationals in the music industry overcome the problem of illegal music do wnloads? How has the prevalence of illegal music download changed the marketplace?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical analysis of illegal downloading and the effects of it specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The issue of illegal downloading of music has largely been influenced by advances in technology. This affects the revenue sales of music and as such, music producers and artists do not get value for their money and time. Besides, it contravenes some of the theories in ethics, such as Mill’s principle of utility. There is a need, therefore, to institute policies that seek to decrease the prevalence of illegal music downloads. Reference List Hayes, J. (2012). The high price of free music: How illegal downloads are  silencing artists. Web. Hohn, D. A., Muftic L. R., Wolf, K. (2006). Swashbuckling Students: An Exploratory Study of Internet Piracy. Security Journal, 19, 110-127. Liebowitz, S. (2002). Policing Pirates in the Networked Age. Policy Analysis, 438, 1-28. Panas, E. E., Ninni, V. E. (2011). Ethical Decision Making in Electronic Piracy: An Explanatory Model based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 5(2), 836-859. Peitz, M., Waelbroeck, P. (2004). The Effect of Internet Piracy on CD Sales: Cross-Section Evidence. Review of Economic Research on Copyright  Issues, 1(2), 71-79. This essay on Ethical analysis of illegal downloading and the effects of it was written and submitted by user Abbigail Hines to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

1968 Life Essays - Vietnam War, Counterculture Of The 1960s

1968 Life Essays - Vietnam War, Counterculture Of The 1960s 1968 Life Analysis of Life for 1968 The year 1968 was a time of war, civil rights movements, and riots. Many big events took place during 1968. Many lives were changed by these events. Out if the 1960s, 1968 stands out the most. In January of 1968 the United States thought that the Vietnam War was coming to a close, but President Johnson made a statement that changed the direction of Vietnam. President Johnson said the South Vietnamese could not win. This caused the South Vietnamese could not win. This caused the South Vietnamese to launch the Tet Offensive. This shocked the United States, and caused the war to linger on for several more years. The Tet Offensive spread from the cities of Mekong Delta, to Saigon, and north to the highlands. In February of 1968 major politicians spoke against the Vietnam War. New York senator Robert Kennedy, a Democrat, showed a blistering attack on the war by charging that there was not any prospect for victory. Another senator Jacob Javits, called military victory illusory he said, it is time to end the Americanization of the war. Vietnam caused many disagreements, and it broke up families due to men and women losing their lives to serve their country. During 1968 there were many questions about the presidency. On March 31, 1968 in a decision that stunned political friends and many others, President Johnson announced that he would not seek, nor would he accept the nomination of his party for president. Johnson said he was withdrawing in the name of national unity. This sparked many questions throughout the nation. People wondered who would become the next president of the United States. Their questions were answered very soon. In August of 1968, Richard Nixon, the old pro of the Republican Party, was nominated for president. On November 6, 1968 Richard M. Nixon was elected President of the United States. On April 5, 1968 the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King was fatally shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. The death of the 39 year-old civil rights leader sent shock waves throughout much of the city and the nation. His death enraged the nations black society, triggering riots in major cities. Some people said that Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King was a nonviolent man who drew violence to himself. Later on in 1968 the blacks were gaining more and more attention. Black females were beginning to get involved in politics. On November 5, 1968 for the first time in American history a black female by the name of Shirley Chisholm, defeated James Farmer in the 12th Congressional District in Brooklyn for a seat in the House of Representatives. This encouraged many black females to become interested in politics. It also gave them hope to become something greater. Nineteen sixty-eight was also a time for the Summer Olympics. The Olympics were held in Mexico. They survived student riots, the banning of black militant demonstrations, and other obstacles. The American athletes brought home forty-five gold medals, twenty-eight silver, and thirty-four bronze medals. The United States continued its domination of basketball, but this time against stiff odds. This showed the United States that America could overcome any type of adversity to win. During 1968 there were many advertisements just as there are today. There were advertisements for cars, cigarettes, and beer. Today there are advertisements for the same things. A Chevrolet Tri-level, which looked like a station wagon, was popular in 1968. Today, instead of driving a station wagon people drive SUVs or mini-vans. Another type of car that was widely advertised was the wide track 1968 Pontiac. The wide track car was made popular again in the nineties. There were many different types of cigarette advertisements. One type was the Bull Durham, which was a slow burning type of cigarette. Today this type of cigarette is no longer around. Another type that appeared often in advertisements was the Paul Mall brand. A type of beer that was popular in 1968 and is still popular today is Miller Beer. Nineteen sixty-eight was also when TV dinners became popular especially Swanson frozen dinners. Women were beginning to leave the home for the workforce and this caused the number of f rozen dinner companies to

Advice to student about buying a house Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Advice to student about buying a house - Article Example According to Mr. Buffetts principle, the more people fear home ownership, the closer the investment comes to perfection. Although around 30% to 50% of current mortgages have sunk in the recent years in the U.S. market, recent weeks have seen good terms of investment which means that the market is not extremely on the negative side. Besides, housing prices have been on the rise tremendously with Case-Shiller Index rising by 2.2% in more than 20 urban cities such as Atlanta, Chicago, San Francisco and Minneapolis. This increase has been on the rising trend which makes renting not a better alternative. Buy a house when you are fully prepared to settle down in one place. The housing market is very volatile. Prices rise and fall within few years or even months. Buying a house when you have not decided to stay for long exposes one to transactions of buying and selling and thus the risk of losing more money during reselling. Another problem is capital gain tax which will be required of you if you sell the house at a profit. This indicates that either way, it is a loss-loss situation. Buying a house is feared by many people because of mortgage charges. However, proper analysis of renting a house reveals other underlying costs in renting a house as opposed to buying a house. Buying a house is a good investment when done

Application of Implementing QMS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Application of Implementing QMS - Essay Example Quality excellence awards across different countries can be briefed as; Europe- EFQM Excellence Model is used to determine the receiver of European Quality Award, USA- , Baldrige National Quality award is given to companies who have exceptionally performed when it comes to ensuring quality, Australia- Australian Business Excellence Awards is given to companies performed exceptionally well to improve quality of production. Research findings of various research scholars such as Van der Wiele et al. (2001) shows that quality management system or quality excellence awards emphasizes on large set quality dimensions such as risk management, ensuring diversity, performing social responsibility, sustainability of the process, resource management, environmental safety, service delivery to customers, knowledge management, good governance etc. Valls and Vergueiro (2006) defined four types of benefits which can be achieved by implementing QMS or achieving quality excellence awards such as better customer service, reduction of error in process modelling, better financial result in terms of increase both in top line & bottom line growth and enhanced learning from environment. Meeting the 8 quality criteria mentioned by ISO can also help a firm to earn excellence award, these criteria can be summarized as; 1- Customer focus- meeting or exceeding customer requirement, 2- Leadership- engaging employees and participants in internal environment to ensure quality, 3- People- optimal utilization of human resources in order to ensure 100% involvement from them, 4- Process- optimal utilization of resources in order to improve the process flow, 5- System Approach- identification and control of interrelated processes, 6- Continual Improvement- continual growth and learning of the organization, 7- Factual Decision- taking decision on the basis of facts and information and 8- Mutually Beneficial Relationship- providing benefits to suppliers and other important stakeholders (ISO, 2012). A s the study is narrowing its scope from general quality management system to quality assurance and excellence award in transportation field hence the study has decided to consider the case of Transport Certification Australia (TCA) as basal plane in the paper. Transport Certification Australia (TCA) - Overview Transport Certification Australia Limited (TCA) is founded by government agencies, territory and Australian government and representing states (Transport Certification Australia, 2013a). The company works under the Corporations Act (Cth) regulation and serves as quality assurance organization in the field of transportation in Australia. Vision TCA has the vision to serve as a leader in the field of quality advice to transportation agencies, providing accreditation & administrator services in order to improve mobility with the means of sensor solution, communication and information integration. Transport Certification Australia Limited provides the quality assurance to users wi th the help of its quality management system which specializes in identifying, delivering and deploying quality mechanism (Transport Certification Australia, 2013a). Mission When it comes to formulating a formidable and sustainable mission statement, TCA emphasizes on three verticals such as identifying quality needs, delivering quality assurance

Abraham Lincoln Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Abraham Lincoln - Research Paper Example He is thought by many to have been a charitable man, yet risen up out of the most humble of beginnings. (ZENTNER). His erudite virtues were as forcing as his moral virtues, winning him an ill repute while in Congress as the savant among his individual legislators. He for the most part wanted to think over ethical and religious inquiries instead of demand divisive replies to them. (ZENTNER). He evaded both unmanly pessimism and visually impaired faith, exemplifying a honorable contempt for extremes steady with a traditional understanding of the gentleman. Out of that combo of fidelity and temperance rose a statesmanship unconventionally suited for the most attempting period in American history. (ZENTNER). Lincoln consolidated an unprecedented wit with a blessing for narrating to turn into a compelling communicator. He was regularly curious and he adapted quickly, which headed him to be greatly imaginative. He is, actually, the only U.S. president to hold a patent (for a technique to make grounded vessels more light). He had an entering and extensive voice that could be heard over extraordinary separations. For instance, everybody present heard the whole Gettysburg Address, and there were no less than 15,000 individuals in participation. Indeed Lincolns stature (at six feet, four inches, makes him our tallest president) provided for him a psychological advantage over others. He was a man to be turned toward, a man to be emulated. (Phillips). In 1982, forty-nine students of history and political researchers were asked by the Chicago Tribune to rate all the Presidents through Jimmy Carter in five classes: initiative qualities, achievements/crisis administration, political abilities, errands, and character/trustworthiness. The top position was occupied by Abraham Lincoln. He was trailed by Franklin Roosevelt, George Washington, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Woodrow Wilson, and

The Human Resource Issues Faced By Coca Cola

The Human Resource Issues Faced By Coca Cola This assignment will give you an overall idea about human resource issues because Coca-Cola brought 10,000 employees, and thus doubling its workforce. In such conditions, as stated, Coca-cola faced complexity with unnecessary employees and, resignations and sacks. Under these circumstances HR management needed to conduct staff appraisal to setup objectives to achieve companys goals. 1a) Critically appraise varied human resource management perspectives and their impacts on the development of business strategy. Three varied human management perspectives are Universalist approach, fit or contingency approach and resource-based approach. Positive impacts of the Universalist approach are: not dependent on competitive strategy of organization, based on four HR policy goals (strategic integration, commitment, flexibility and equality), clarify organisational goals, considers stakeholders influence on employees performance. The negative impacts are: the goals are often unachievable, internal consistency difficult due to contradictions, some elements lead to confusion. Positive impacts of the fit or contingency approach are: provides a simple framework showing how selection, appraisal, development and rewards can be mutually geared to produce required employee performance. Negative impacts of this approach are: does not address what to do if unable to produce required employee behavior and performance, assumes employees will behave as requested. Positive impacts of the resource-based approach are: its concerned with the relationships between internal (HR) resources, strategy and firm performance, focuses on achieving competitive advantage using human capital, focus on behavior, skills, knowledge, attitudes and competencies, involves measuring, reporting and managing human capital, organisation can loan human capital. Negative impacts are: requires coherent framework in order to decide on the measures, and refers to people as human capital. 1b) What are the current situations/difficulties regarding these issues in Coca-Cola and Dabur companies? Coca-Cola changed their pay rate in line with other Indian companies, thus meaning it was dependent on their competitive strategy. This does not follow the Universalist approach as it contradicts their decision. Coca-Cola instead adapted the resource-based approach; they focused on achieving competitive advantage by investing in developing human capital. The fact they concentrated significantly on human resource development satisfied several criteria of this approach. Dabur to some degree maintained the universalist approach as it provided clarity of goals (the three-fold recommendations), and it recognized the majority stakeholders (the Burman family) influence in creating a family-oriented working environment for its employees. Dabur met the criteria of the fit or contingency approach by aiming for consistency across workforce; recognizing it had to give rewards to junior sales officers and representatives for achieving target, they allowed certain employees to club their leaves and enjoy a vacation. 1c) How can they improve this situation? The best way for Coca-Cola and Dabur to improve their situation was to meet more criteria for any certain approach. E.g. Coca-Cola should concentrate on the resource-based approach as it has already met some of its criteria, whereas Dabur should concentrate on the fit or contingency approach as it has already met a lot of its criteria. By maintaining and meeting the criteria of any one approach both companies can hope to be in a better situation. 2a) Critically analyse the importance of alignment between an organizations corporate strategy and objectives, and its human resource strategy. Each of the five steps to the alignment of an organisations corporate strategy and objectives, and its human resource strategy, contribute and are of significant importance: 1. separation no relationship at this stage, thus unimportant. 2. fit -recognises importance of people in achieving organizational strategy. 3. dialogue recognises need for two-way communication and some debate. 4. holistic recognises people as the key to competitive advantage rather than a way of implementing organisational strategy. 5. HR Driven places HR strategy in prime position. 2b) Then by considering the case study compare real activities about alignment between an organizations corporate strategy and objectives in Coca Cola and Dabur with best practice (theoretical view) to identify what the difficulties are regarding this issue in these companies? Coca-Cola began by recognising human resources significance in the restricting process. This led to appointment of managers in the six regions, and an area general. They then recognised the importance of two communications by ensuring the Regional General Managers report to the VP, who in turn report to the CEO. Coca-Cola then took the fourth step by recognising their employees as the key to competitive advantage by bringing together employees from different work cultures and value systems. Their final step was to put the employees in prime position by taking a strategic level decision to turn itself into people-driven company. Dabur used HR strategy as an important part of its restructuring process. It started by recognising the importance of people in achieving the organisational strategy by introducing employee friendly initiatives like annual sales conferences. It then recognised two-way communication by introducing an interactive newsletter. It further recognised employees as key to competitive advantage by commissioning consultants to formulate an employee stock Option Plan. To put HR in prime position they decided to extend the scheme. 2c). How can you solve these problems? Coca-colas problems were the number of employees leaving the company. By better control of the unrest among employees, and by other means such as not downgrading the centres, would have allowed Coca-Cola to avoid this crisis. Problem was Dabur didnt use HR strategy as significantly. If HR strategy played a bigger role in the organisational strategy it would have been more beneficial to the Dabur. 3a). Judge the required processes of assessing the effectiveness of a given human resource strategy and its impact on overall corporate strategy. In assessing the effectiveness of a HR strategy we use the below issues: the HR approach by reaching the corporate strategy objectives. We evaluated the impact of human resource (HR) managers capabilities on HR management effectiveness and the latters impact on corporate strategy. Effectiveness is associated with capabilities and attributes of HR staff. We also found relationships between HR management effectiveness and productivity, cash flow, and market value. Findings were consistent across market and accounting measures of performance and with corrections for biases. 3b). What are the existing condition/difficulties regarding this issue in these companies? Coca-Cola HR carefully revised plan to achieve goals, or developing/carrying-out planned strategies. Coca-cola decreased payment and additional facilities for the employees. Virtually they compact the needless extra facilites. At the first phase Coca-Cola HR strategy could not develop leadership and management released a flow of records which led the company to loss with extra outlay. Darbur has a people-leaning work culture, therefore has no proper HR development to target. The evaluation of companionship earnings and expenses is not vigorously monitored it was a stride following its competitors. From the case study we could not find any loot system from the Dabur before restricting. According to information given Dabur is a family business so the relation between family members are okay but the relation between employees and higher management might be problematic. 3c) How can these companies improve their situation regarding this issue? The companies need to reform their organization and make sure that changes need to be accepted by people. The concern is Coca-cola need a stable leader. Because need of business chiefs will affect companys direction and profits. The rewards are incentives, oversee operation etc. Also, employee encouragement needed for better outcome. 4a) Argue the appropriate human resource strategies for organizations facing mergers, acquisitions, strategic alliances and joint ventures. Mergers and acquisitions (MA) and corporate restructuring are a big part of the corporate finance world. We have little information regarding these events. To understand and study the authors mainly developed a connectional framework. HR management gives a border process of leaning model. This model represents similarities and complements of merging companies. The HR strategies are different for each company, and also depend on circumstances. The merger, acquisition, strategies and joint venture take place because of four motives. Those are enlargement and synergy. Actually human resources management will study both motives of these companies. They will decide whether they will merge or acquisition a company for faster growth synergy, if these companies rapidly increase. We can say using the change in technique. In some company merger or acquisition planning, we need to understand what we are getting into (Do I go ahead? Adjust the price? Walk away?). This is your one shot in underst anding the business before closing the deal. You also want to reduce any post-acquisition surprises (what will we need to work on after acquisition; integration issues, personnel issues, obsolete equipment requiring replacement, warranty exposures, major contracts, and customers base). An important key to remember is Its not only the numbers! 4b). After that by relying on the given information in the case study compare current situation of HR strategies in the occasions of mergers, acquisitions, strategic alliances and joint ventures in Coca Cola and Dabur with best practice (theoretical views) to detect possible difficulties regarding this issue in these companies? In the case study Coca-cola used the HR management strategy. Coca-Cola merged with four bottling companies. Coca-cola used growth and synergy for these merges. This means harder HR issues because of merges, Coca-Cola brought 10000 employees, meaning doubled work force. In this condition Coca-cola faced complexity with unnecessary employees and, resignations and sacks. Under these circumstances HR management needed to decrease outlay. With too much labor they cannot be so, they discharge people so it threats an unstable situation. 4c). How these problems can be solved? As of the company outlook, if they want to reduce employees, then they can do so, but from employees view these dismissals affect their families. So companies could consider the employees experience with them. By providing compensation for dismissal there is fairness (HR management has to balance both side). 5a) Appraise different methods of employees selection. The different methods of employees selection are as follows: Interview: Positive sides of interviews are: have the chance to see how the person dress, speak, communicate, behave, whether clean or not, and learn their personalities. Negatives are: stressful for interviewees, very subjective, talking is not everything, unable to explore technical skills, and personality clashes. Assessment centres: Positives are: candidates like them and generally predict job performance accurately. Negatives are: slow process, costly method and not always reliable. Psychometric tests: Psychometric tests (test for normal or abnormal personality, ability or intelligence, interests or attitudes) are used along with assessment centres, as it gives a better evaluation than either used alone. Work simulations: Candidates are put into small scale job situations. Full Reference checks: Consider the reference letters, contact people who recommended applicants, contact applicants manager or colleagues, get information from independent assessors. CV/Biographical information: Positive side: its a very good source of information regarding the applicant. But, negative side is that it is useful only if real and true. Graphology: Involves analyzing handwriting in relation to human psychology. Positive side: helps understand applicants personality. Negative side: based fully on psychological decisions. 5b) What are the current situations/difficulties regarding these issue in these companies? Coca-cola appointed a new CEO, a VP (Operations), six Regional General Manager. They also appointed Arthur Anderson to inspect accounts in North India. Dabur appointed a new CEO and 3 vice presidents. 5c) How can they improve this situation? Coca-cola needs to ensure they hire trustworthy and uncorrupted employees in order to avoid scandals like the one they faced with the North India operations. As it is the first time Dabur is taking such a step by reorganising their structure, it would be best to hire a professional external recruitment agency as they would have better experience and knowledge regarding hiring employees then Dabur would. 6a) Critically assess strategies for employee deployment, redeployment, poor performance and retention. Employee Deployment is the number of employees required in each department, time period for which they are required and the skills required. Employee Redeployment is transferring employees from one department/position to another for effectiveness. Poor Performance is mainly due to Lack of Ability (lack of training or resources) and Low Motivation (lack of desire and commitment). Employee Retention is the policies and practices used by companies to stop valuable employees from leaving (mainly because they spend considerable time, effort and money to find, recruit and train employees). 6b) Then by considering the case study compare real activities about employee development, performance and retention in Coca Cola Dabur with best practice (theoretical views) to identify what the difficulties are regarding these issues in these companies? Coca-cola decided to employ new managers and senior officers, which required Employee Deployment, during their restructuring. They used Employee Redeployment in order to ensure the new 10,000 employees brought from merger were being used efficiently. They tried combating Poor Performance by introducing talent development meetings, training and foreign internship. But, couldnt prevent Employee Retention as 40 managers and some senior personnel left. Dabur used Employee Deployment to employ new senior officers (i.e. a CEO and three Vice Presidents) and restructure their business. Dabur tried to prevent Poor Performance by introducing newsletters for better employee communication. Dabur maintained Employee Retention as they successfully kept hold of employees. 6c) How can you solve these problems? Coca-cola can solve this problem by preventing Employee Retention by putting in place policies and practices to stop employees leaving. Dabur could be more efficient by using Employee Redeployment. 7a). Assess the relative importance of the creation of the learning organization through self-managed learning, the promotion of intellectual capital and knowledge management. Learning organization is the organizations ability to use mental capacity of its members to create the processes that will improve its own. The technical view assumes that organizational learning is about the effective processing interpretation of, and response to, information both inside and outside the organization. The points below will help understand why the learning organization is important to both companies, they are: Awareness of new and different perspectives. Personal growth and development. Ability to see complexities in making decisions. Awareness of new options and ability to create options Companies to thinking about reduce to the work force, as they have double than required. Sense of career directions. The promotion of intellectual capital and knowledge management: Intellectual capital is knowledge that can be exploited for money making or other useful purpose. The term combines the idea of the intellect or brain power with the economic concept of capital, the saving of entitled benefits so that they can be invested in producing more goods and services. Enhance productivity through improved creation, access and distribution of knowledge. Promoting changed organization to achieve more effective knowledge management. Coordinating technology and human resource development. The management of the intellectual capital in the knowledge intensive organization might also contribute positively to individual well being, as well argue. Knowledge management is the first competency that an organization needs to develop for the management of intellectual capital. Knowledge management constitutes the ability of an organization to learn, to remember what it learned, and to leverage what it learned internally and externally. Internally by transferring it to different workers and department. Externally by sharing it with suppliers distributors partners and customers. 7b). What are the existing condition/difficulties regarding this issue in these companies? There were difficulties in Coca Cola and Dabur. They are: learning organization, intellectual capital, knowledge management. Difficulties of learning organization: there is no problem with teaching workers presentation skills. Coca cola and Daburs scheme did not. Companies thought about reducing employees. Intellectual capital is more difficult to put a value on, the extent to which it has loyal customers, how it is regarded in the local community and the extent to which it has long term satisfactory relationship with key external agencies. For company recruitment of pupils from the local catchments area might seem an obvious surrogate but it is not a good measure on its own as parents often have no choice. Difficulties of knowledge management: reports about successful and failed knowledge management initiatives using various IT systems exist, it is important to analyse the reports before defining the requirement of a knowledge management. The following list shows the problems and they are; Restructuring are a big part of both company, it has to resolve. System not accepted. Lack of user uptake due to insufficient communication. Information is not classified properly in knowledge management system. Using theoretical knowledge for practical problem. Lack of time and training. The knowledge distribution system does not make sense. Knowledge management not integrated into normal work procedures. 7c). How can these companies improve their situation regarding this issue? Difficulties in Coca Cola and Dabur: negative media reports, heavy investment in India and Japan, accommodation and foreign trips for bottlers. Both companies think about reducing employees. Hence, we believe the below discussions may help to improve their situation regarding the above mentioned issues: We must be completely updated on current assignments and accomplishments of employees. If employees do not have own initiatives to work, then HR consultants need to review the situation with the employee to achieve more work progress and to reduce employees. Specify problems with productivity, quality of work, interactions with co-workers, clients or any other problematic behaviour/incidents in the office. If there are specific complaints from supervisors, clients and customers we should read them and conduct necessary investigation to obtain full details and follow proper procedure regarding how we are handled Coca Cola and Dabur evaluation. 8a) Critically evaluate the role of performance review and strategies for management development. The Appraisal Scheme aims to identify the management development needs of staff in order to improve the performance of individuals and of the organisation to achieve companys key objectives. We believe, itss responsible for the line manager to check and review each objectives every year. 6-monthly interim reviews are optional. Such as: staffs need to know how they can contribute to organisational success review past performance develop potential and help improve current performance maintain high performance set up both companies objectives to achieve companies goals assess learning and management development needs Appraisal link assessment for future development with current performance. It provides a stronger role for line management in development. It gives the individual the opportunity to discuss his or her career intentions concerns and views with somebody else. It becomes a vehicle for mentoring where the manager is supported and provided with development opportunities. Performance management is strategic in the sense it is concerned with the broader issues facing businesses if its to function effectively in its environment and with the general direction in which the business intends to go. 8b). After that by relying on the given information in the case study compare current situation of performance review and management development in Coca-cola and Dabur with best practice (theoretical views) to detect possible difficulties regarding this issue in these companies? Both companies have difficulties with media reports, heavy investment in India and Japan, accommodation and foreign trips, we also believe both companies managers hasnt conducted the staff performance review and havent given objectives to employees. They had other staff during that period and so was having financial looses. As best practice management development is best described as the process from which managers learn and improve their skills, investment in management development can have economic benefits to the organization. 8c). How these problems can be solved? Discussion below may help improve Coca Cola and Daburs problems: leadership and motivation creates and maintains an effective/motivating environment where people strive for quality of service and is supportive of all staff; fosters a commitment for achieving companies goals consultant managers will meet with employees at the end of the evaluation period to formally discuss, evaluate and develop companys new goals. reduce employees requires promotion and advertising talent managers have to setup objectives for the employees to achieve companys goals for the coming years identify and implement changes to improve performance to provide a clear understanding of how to be successful provide feedback regarding employees performance and development role-based performance metrics and look at training needs across a group Conclusion: The company outlook to reduce employees, so companies could consider employees experience, provide compensation for dismissal. Advertising and promotion required for both companies to achieve goals. Performance of employees is evaluated. We also found relationships between HR management effectiveness and productivity, cash flow, and market value. The companies need reorganization with expert employees to overcome the issues faced. REFERENCE:

Things They Carried Essay: Disembodiment -- Things They Carried Essays

Disembodiment in The Things They Carried  Ã‚  Ã‚   With some knowledge of war, one can begin to appreciate Tim O' Brien's The Things They Carried.   But when the work is viewed in its strict historical context, another layer of   meaning rises to the surface.   Tim O' Brien is a veteran; as a result there are many things he takes for granted (or so we think) and does not tell us.   America's involvement in the Vietnam war resulted from internal domestic politics rather than from the national spirit.   American soldiers had to fight a war without a cause, i.e. they were disembodied from the war.   But O' Brien never tells us this explicitly.   When Viewed from a historical perspective, The Things They Carried contains several syntactic allusions to the idea of disembodiment from the war.    One of the more obvious allusions is "The Ghost Soldiers."   The very title seems to suggest disembodiment - as though something were present, yet nothing at all.   Whenever O' Brien is bleeding to death in the field, he says that he feels "hollow." (O' Brien, 238)   Is it from blood loss or from the ...

Play “The Crucible” by Arthur Miller Essay

â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller is a play set during thte hysteria of the Salem witch trials of 1692. The word â€Å"crucible† is defined as â€Å"a severe test† or â€Å"a container for melting or purifying metals.† The title of this play is incredibly appropriate because the charactersin the play were faced with a great test while attempting to purify their community. WHen faced with a conflict, the citizens of Salem begin to act on basic animal instincts, and their true colors shine through. The word â€Å"crucible† is appropriate because the intention of the court was to purge the town of Salem of any evil beings, but the court only created a way for wrong-doers to go unpunished and those who stayed true to their values be killed. The additional definition of â€Å"crucible† is appropriate because the characters in the play were faced with a choice of doing what was morally and ethically correct or doing what was wrong. For example, John Proctor is tested several times throughout the play. â€Å"Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life†¦I have given you my sould; leave me my name† (Miller, 1166). The audience is able to see Proctor’s true character through this quote. Although he is sentenced to be hanged, he refuses to soil his name or jeopardize his morals, not even in exchange for his life. Mary Warren represents the bulk of the citizens of Salem because she was driven by fear. â€Å"I cannot, they’ll turn on me† (Miller, 1129). When Mary Warren trys to to undo her wrongs, she becomes frightened to stand on her own and risk being accused of witchcraft. Many of the citizens of Salem that were accused of witchcraft sacrificed their morals and their values in order to keep their lives. When the citizens of Salem become scared, they lose their ability to think logically. Many of them lie to save themselves or lie to gain something. The choas brought out each characters true personality.

A lesson plan for the multicultural learning of science

A lesson plan for the multicultural learning of science This is a lesson plan for the multicultural learning of science. The aim of the plan is to utilize the legend of the Mayans to depict to the students the way science evolved through the ages. The paper is directed towards students of fourth standard.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on A lesson plan for the multicultural learning of science specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Performance Objective The aim of the lesson is to enhance the ability of the students to inculcate inferential learning, derivation of information from their readings, and inculcate their oral and written skills. Essential Questions How science evolved into its present forms? How science was practices in ancient times? What we know about the scientific knowledge of ancient civilizations like the Mayans?’ NYS Standards This lesson will show the students the historical development of science as described in the NYS standard four. Key Ideas The first idea described is the Earth and the celestial phenomenon of the planets. The three main elements of Earth viz. air, water, and land are described. Key Skills The key skills required for the lesson is a clear idea of how the Mayan culture and their knowledge of science can be used as a taxonomy for students to understand how science existed in ancient times. Materials The first thing that has to be done is to make a knowledge chart that forms into three columns. In the first column, the students enter their knowledge about the Mayans. The second will record what the students know about the Mayans and the third column shows what the students learnt during the course of the lesson. The second material required for the study would be a world map to demonstrate where the students are and where the Mayans lived. The third material required for the class are books and literature on myths pertaining to the Mayan culture. The fourth material would be materials to develop a scrapb ook that will help the students to do a project on the Mayans. The books that are to be read for the class are Mayan and Aztec Mythology by Jim Ollhoff and Maya and Aztec Mythology Rocks! by Michael A. Schuman . The other book that will be used for the study is Three Gold Pieces .Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Introduction to the Lesson The knowledge table should be made in the first class. This will help to ascertain what the students actually know of the Mayans and what has to be taught to them. Further, this will also help the instructor to learn what the students would like to learn about the myths and legends. What aspect the children are more interested to learn can be gauged through this exercise. The first lesson should also incorporate the world map, which would give a clear idea to the students about the whereabouts of the Mayan civilization visvis their cou ntry. Instructional Activity The second lesson should be about reading the Mayan myths. The main aim of the class would be study Mayan folk tales and myths that gave a glimpse into the great Mayan culture and civilization. The myths related to the creation of the moon or any other morality tale can be recounted to demonstrate how the Mayans lived. The third day would be a discussion on the Gods of the Mayans. This would provide a glimpse into the Mayan religion to the students. A documentary about the Mayans will be shown to the students. This lesson is a study into the scientific developments that the Mayans underwent. This will further into a discussion of the Mayan economic developments, and government’s structure followed in the ancient civilization. This lesson will also have a discussion on the Mayan art, culture, and social life. Application The last day of the lesson will be a day of making projects for the students. They will have to adopt a specific aspect about the Mayans and make a small presentation about it in class. This will also have to write an essay on the specific area. Bibliography Aliki. Three Gold Pieces. New York: Harper Trophy, 1967. Print.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on A lesson plan for the multicultural learning of science specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ollhoff, Jim. Mayan and Aztec Mythology. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2012. Print. Schuman, Michael A. Maya and Aztec Mythology Rocks! Guangdong, China: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2012. Print.

Strategic planning and performance measurement Logic Model

Strategic planning and performance measurement Logic Model Organization Name: Wounded Warriors Program Name: Family Support Inputs Program Activities/Processes Outputs Short-term outcomes Intermediate outcomes Long-term outcomes Capital 55 Trainers Services Community Workers Supporting Families psychologically and financially Developing economic policies for the affected families Offering credit families Providing emotional support and counseling the affected accordingly 50 households An approximate of $100,000 needed Issuing $2000 to each household head Giving $10 to each community worker Saving Lives Creation of awareness among families as regards to economic life Joining of broken marriages and families Monitoring the progress the affected in society Safeguarding the very survival of society Improved standards of living among the affected Prevention of moral decay caused by catastrophes Advising relevant authorities on the way forward Strengthening the country’s economy Eradication of poverty and strengthening family lives Eco nomically healthy society Effective implementation of programs related to the affected families The logic model has emerged as a desired tool in developing performance measures in both governmental and private sectors. It is mostly utilized in professional evaluation of programs in communities. It is also used in referencing office management and budgeting of national resources.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic planning and performance measurement : Logic Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Logic model is a participatory approach that aims at strengthening the relationship between managers and employees, employees and stakeholders, as well as offering a culturally competent structure for generating substantial programs (Poister, 2003). There is a preferred method as far as logic modeling is concerned. It is advisable that logic models must connect service inputs to outputs. The systems generated shoul d be implemented to capture clearly the outcome of information. This means that policy makers in non-profit organizations should participate in program modification and perfection that would probably benefit accomplices and actually strengthen funding (Bryson, 2004). On the other hand, the outcomes of any program are identified after considering some factors. The outcomes of a program can be short, intermediate-term or long-term. Irrespective of the above categories, they all aim at answering one question, which is ‘what happened after the program had been implemented’. Short-term outcomes are influenced by two major factors, which are awareness and knowledge base of the affected (Poister, 2003). Clients are usually affected after identifying the problem facing them. Through raising awareness, clients are in a position to increase their knowledge bases. Conversely, intermediate-term outcomes are identified after a certain program has changed the practices that are commo n to clients or communities.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The program could also change behavior patterns among families. Other changes that affect intermediate-term outcomes include strategies employed by governments or non-profit making organizations, technologies utilized in disseminating a program and leadership policies exercised by organizations. Furthermore, long-term outcomes are closely related to intermediate-term outcomes. When people’s economic conditions are enhanced, long-term outcomes can possibly be observed. Financial assistance and economic empowerment tend to improve people’s social conditions, which would further diminish violence in society. This is a sign of long-term outcome of any given program. People affected by calamities are mostly rendered homeless (Bryson, 2004). Some are forced to spend their nights in the cold. In th is case, they are exposed to harsh environmental conditions. On the other hand, improving people’s financial bases tend to minimize environmental degradation. This means that people are able to afford housing, which would in turn improve the quality of life. Alternatively, long- term outcomes are manifested by the safety of the environment. Finally, a policy maker is able to identify a long-term outcome by observing people’s political behavior, such as voting. Economically healthy people are tempted to participate in leadership by voting for leaders and presenting their candidature during elections. References Bryson, M. (2004). Strategic Planning for Public and Nonprofit Organizations: A Guide to Strengthening and Sustaining Organizational Achievement (3rd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Poister, H. (2003). Measuring Performance in Public and Nonprofit Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Silverman, D. (2001). Interpreting qualitative data: methods for analyzi ng talk, text and interaction (2nd ed.). London: SageAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic planning and performance measurement : Logic Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Teachers Perception of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Teachers Perception of Leadership - Essay Example d be to understand and subsequently work on factors that satisfy teachers-those who have been in the profession for a long period of time as well as those who are now about to board on this particular journey in life. What then are the factors, which satisfy teachers? Researchers have discovered many issues, which influence teachers’ job satisfaction in a significant way. However, they all agree that measuring job satisfaction is challenging because teachers are not in harmony with what satisfies them throughout their career. In spite of its difficulty to measure, investigators note that the degree of teacher satisfaction directly affects the school’s stability, the quality of instructions and hence the overall climate of the school (Bogler, 2000; Richards, 2003; Woods & Weasmer, 2004). Researchers examined the various qualities in a principal that are desired by teachers (Haser & Nasse, 2003; Nir & Kranot 2006; Jorissen, 2002; Richards, 2003). Richards (2003) compared the needs in terms of principal’s behavior of three groups of teachers - those with 1-5years experience, those with 6 - 10 years and those with 11 years or more of teaching experience. Richards utilized a phenomenological study and discovered that the beginning teachers cited â€Å"emotional support and safety† as their main need. Teachers with 6-10 years valued â€Å"respect as professionals† as the key element in their job satisfaction while those with more than 10 years regarded â€Å"respect for their knowledge and experience† as their chief need (2003, p.12). However, support for the teacher was the main factor in influencing teacher’s satisfaction for the entire range of teachers. Richards (2003), like Woods and Weasmer (2004),

Explains how Corporate takeover is influenced by corporate environment Essay

Explains how Corporate takeover is influenced by corporate environment - Essay Example Corporate greed has been studied to be an important cause for merger and acquisitions. Since the prime objective of every firm is to maximize the profit, the corporations in greed want to acquire other competing firms. Thus through merger market competition can be eliminated. Moreover it is generally assumed that the larger firms are in a position of enjoying cost efficiency and hence economies of scale. Thus merger can be the result of the firm’s desire of enjoying economies of scale through the acquisition of other small firms of the market. The company, which is being taken over by the parent company through merger, is known as the ‘subsidiary company’. Accomplishment of the corporate amalgamations can be done in three different ways, by consolidation, by acquisition or by pooling of interests. Pooling of interest is often called a tax-free merger and is generally accomplished by swap of common stocks at specified ratios. Acquisition on the other hand consists of the purchase of assets of one company by the other at a given price and the shareholders of the targeted company need to surrender their stocks. For example the merger of the Wrigley and Mars Company had been finalized in a deal of 23 billion dollars in which Mars announced to acquire Wrigley after being approved by both the companies. The shareholders of Wrigley thus need to surrender their stocks receiving 80 dollars for each of their shares. Thus the targeted company remained to a ‘stand alone separate subsidiary of Mars’. Consolidation is another process of corporate combinations. This process involves the formation of a separate entity by dissolving both the companies. The new stocks of the consolidated firms are issued to the existing shareholders of both the individual companies. (Hoskisson, Hitt and Ireland, 102-103; Sorkin; Mullins) Takeovers can influence corporate environment if the takeover is hostile. There are generally four types of takeovers. These ar e strategic, defensive, growth and financial. In a strategic takeover, the acquiring firm tries to target the much-developed product of the firm that is to be acquired. This product is in the form of either services or any intellectual property. In a defensive takeover, the acquiring firm tries to sell the assets of the acquired firm in the market after buying them from the targeted firm. In a growth takeover strategy, the acquiring firm targets to acquire such a firm that has high growth potential. The acquiring firm markets the products of the targeted firm by utilizing own sales and distribution channels. In a financial takeover strategy, the acquiring firm is generally interested in a financially sound firm. Sometimes acquiring firms can take interest in firms that are financially weak. This is done in order to offset the tax liability. There can be various reasons for which a merger takes place. Firms acquire other firms to increase their market share. A firm gains larger marke t share when it gives tough competition to other firms in terms of lower production costs as well as higher sales costs. Market power mainly depends on the size of the firm and the market share it covers. The results of these acquisitions are big firms, which in turn create economies of scales. Sometimes acquisitions are means to raise funds. (Hoskisson, Hitt and Ireland, pp 245) Culture Differences Organizational values are noticed through emotional